Which scenario best exemplifies a situation where personal jurisdiction may be invoked?

Personal jurisdiction refers to the authority of a court to hear a case involving a defendant based on their connections to the forum state. The scenario where a defendant frequently conducts business transactions within the forum state exemplifies a strong basis for invoking personal jurisdiction.

When a business engages in continuous and systematic activities in a state, such as entering into contracts, engaging in sales, or establishing a physical or online presence, it creates significant contacts with that state. These activities typically establish a legal presence, leading courts to assert personal jurisdiction over the defendant. Courts recognize that defendants who regularly conduct business in a forum state should be subject to its laws and judicial processes, as their actions benefit from the state's resources and protections.

In contrast, other scenarios may lack sufficient connections to the forum state. A defendant who operates entirely online without significant interaction with residents of the forum state may not be subject to personal jurisdiction there, as there are insufficient contacts. Similarly, traveling to the forum state for a single business meeting does not necessarily establish a significant connection. While selling products to customers in the forum state can invoke jurisdiction, it typically hinges on the nature and frequency of those sales relative to the defendant's overall business activities.