What is a key feature of specific jurisdiction?

Specific jurisdiction is a legal concept that allows a court to exercise power over a defendant based on specific interactions or conduct that are directly linked to the legal action being pursued. This means that if a defendant's actions—such as conducting business, entering contracts, or committing torts—are sufficiently connected to the forum state and the claims made by the plaintiff, the court can assert jurisdiction over the defendant for that particular case.

This principle is grounded in ensuring that it is reasonable and just to require the defendant to defend themselves in that jurisdiction, as their activities are the cause of the legal dispute. The focus is on the nature of the defendant's connections with the forum state as they relate to the plaintiff's claims, which is why this option captures the essence of specific jurisdiction.

The other options do not accurately reflect the nature of specific jurisdiction. For instance, specific jurisdiction is not limited to federal courts, nor does it necessitate that the defendant have substantial connections with all states. Additionally, it is applicable to both individuals and corporations, as long as the actions in question connect them to the jurisdiction in relation to the claim.