What are the two main types of personal jurisdiction?

The two main types of personal jurisdiction are general jurisdiction and specific jurisdiction.

General jurisdiction refers to a court's authority to hear any case involving a particular defendant, regardless of where the cause of action arose. This typically applies to defendants who have substantial connections to the forum state, such as being domiciled there or conducting extensive business within the state.

Specific jurisdiction, on the other hand, arises when a court has authority over a defendant in a lawsuit that is connected to the defendant's activities in the state. This means the legal action must relate directly to the defendant's actions within that jurisdiction. Courts analyze whether the defendant has sufficient contacts with the state that would make it reasonable to require them to defend a lawsuit there.

The other choices do not accurately represent the concepts of personal jurisdiction. Options related to federal and state jurisdiction pertain to the levels of courts (federal versus state), while original and appellate jurisdiction deal with the types of authority courts have over cases (trial vs. appeal), rather than the personal connections between defendants and the forum states.